作者:佚名;来源:网络;时间:2022-11-19 14:34;浏览:667

中英双语热词精选,你知道封城、社交距离、吃播怎么翻译吗?

《柯林斯词典》宣布“封锁”(lockdown)一词成为2020年度词汇。同时入选年度十大词汇的还有冠状病毒、社交隔离、强制休假、梅根脱离王室、吃播等。

Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many lives across the world in 2020, has been named word of the year by Collins Dictionary.

2020年改变了太多人生活的“封锁”被选为《柯林斯词典》的年度词汇。

Lockdown is defined by Collins as “the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces”, and its usage has boomed over the last year. The 4.5bn-word Collins Corpus, which contains written material from websites, books and newspapers, as well as spoken material from radio, television and conversations, registered a 6,000% increase in its usage. In 2019, there were 4,000 recorded instances of lockdown being used. In 2020, this had soared to more than a quarter of a million.

《柯林斯词典》将“封锁”定义为“对旅行、社交互动和公共空间出入实施严格限制”,该词的使用量在过去一年间飙升。拥有45亿个词的柯林斯语料库的记录显示,“封锁”的使用量增加了6000%。柯林斯语料库的素材来自网站、书籍、报纸等书面材料以及广播、电视和谈话的口语材料。2019年,语料库记载了4000个使用“封锁”的例子。2020年,使用“封锁”一词的例子暴增至逾25万个。

"Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic,” says Collins language content consultant Helen Newstead. “We have chosen lockdown as our word of the year because it encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people who have had to restrict their daily lives in order to contain the virus. Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialise. With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world.”

《柯林斯词典》的语言内容顾问海伦·纽斯特德说:“语言反映了我们周边的世界,2020年是被全球疫情主宰的一年。我们选择‘封锁’作为今年的年度词汇,因为它概括了数十亿人被迫限制日常生活以防控病毒蔓延的共同经历。封锁影响了我们工作、学习、购物和社交的方式。如今许多国家都进入了第二轮封锁,这不是一个值得庆贺的年度词汇,但也许这个词能概括世界上大多数人的这一年。”

Other pandemic-related words such as coronavirus, social distancing, self-isolate and furlough were on the dictionary’s list of the top 10 words. So was the term key worker. According to Collins, key worker saw a 60-fold increase in usage over the last year, which reflects “the importance attributed this year to professions considered to be essential to society”.

冠状病毒、社交隔离、自我隔离和强制休假等其他疫情相关词汇也入选了《柯林斯词典》的年度十大词汇。同样入选的还有关键岗位工作人员。据《柯林斯词典》介绍,关键岗位工作人员的使用量在过去一年增加了60倍,反映出“今年对社会必不可少的职业的重视”。

The abbreviation BLM, for Black Lives Matter, also made the shortlist. Defined by Collins as “a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression”, it registered a 581% increase in usage.

“黑人的命也是命”的缩写BLM也跻身年度十大词汇。《柯林斯词典》将BLM定义为“反对种族暴力和压迫的运动”,数据显示,该词的使用量增加了581%。

  01    封城 lockdown

对旅行、社会交往和进入公共空间施加严格限制。封城(Lockdown)因在新冠疫情期间使用率飙升,成为2020年的年度热词。一共被使用超过25万次。这个词“概括浓缩了亿万人的共同体验”,实属当之无愧。

2020年,改变了太多人生活的“封锁”(lockdown)

Lockdown is defined by Collins as "the imposition实施 of stringent严格的 restrictions限制 on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces".

《柯林斯词典》将“封锁”定义为“对旅行、社交互动和公共空间出入实施严格限制”。

“封锁”后,学生开始在家上网课,上班族在家办公……我们的学习、生活都发生了巨大的改变。正如《柯林斯词典》的语言内容顾问海伦·纽斯特德说:

It is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world.

这不是一个值得庆贺的年度词汇,但也许这个词能概括世界上大多数人的这一年。

  02    新冠病毒 Coronavirus

一组含有RNA的病毒中的任何一种,可引起呼吸道感染性疾病,包括COVID-19。

正如柯林斯辞典的语言内容顾问海伦·纽斯特德(Helen Newstead)说:“语言是我们周围世界的体现,2020年已经被全球大疫情主宰。” 所以年度热词怎么会没有“冠状病毒”呢?

为什么会把这种病毒叫做“冠状病毒”呢?原因是病毒在电子显微图(electron micrographs)中看起来形似王冠(crown-like appearance),因此我们就称它为“冠状病毒”啦!

冠状病毒:any one of a group of RNA-containing viruses that can cause infectious illnesses of the respiratory tract, including COVID-19. So called because of their crown-like appearance in electron micrographs.

一组含有RNA的病毒中的任何一种,可引起呼吸道感染性疾病,包括COVID-19。之所以这么叫,是因为它们在电子显微照片中的冠状外观。

  03    关键岗位员工 Keyworker

被认为对社会运作至关重要的许多职业中的雇员,例如教师、警察、卫生工作者、商店工人等。

an employee in any of a number of professions considered to be essential to the functioning of society, for example teachers, police officers, health workers, shop workers, etc.

  04    停职留薪 Furlough

暂时解雇雇员,通常是因为没有足够的工作来占用他们;(动词)暂时解雇(职员)。来自荷兰的verlof,来自ver(for)和lof(leave);与瑞典的f?rlof有关。

a temporary laying-off of employees, usually because there is insufficient work to occupy them; (verb) to lay off (staff) temporarily. From Dutch verlof, from ver (for) and lof (leave); related to Swedish f?rlof.

(名词):暂时解雇雇员,通常是因为没有足够的工作来占用他们;(动词)暂时解雇(职员)。来自荷兰的verlof,来自ver(for)和lof(leave);与瑞典的f?rlof有关。

  05    自我隔离 Self-isolate

《柯林斯词典》中对于该词的定义是:

To quarantine oneself if one has or suspects one has a contagious disease.

如果某人患有或怀疑自己患有传染性疾病,则隔离自己。

  06    社交距离 Social Distancing

为防止感染疾病,自己和他人之间要保持一定社交距离(social distancing),也可以用physical distancing来表达。

the practice of maintaining a certain distance between oneself and other people in order to prevent infection with a disease. Also called: physical distancing > social distance or socially distance (verb).

为防止传染疾病而在自己和他人之间保持一定距离的做法。也称为:身体距离>社会距离或社会距离(动词)。

  07    梅根退出 MEGxit

《柯林斯词典》对这个词的解释是“2020年1月萨塞克斯公爵与公爵夫人宣布退出王室职务”,讲的就是哈里王子和梅根退出王室公职的事儿。

the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties, announced in January 2020. From Meg(han), Duchess of Sussex and (e)xit; influenced by Brexit.

英国苏塞克斯公爵和公爵夫人于2020年1月宣布退出王室职务。这个词是由苏塞克斯公爵夫人梅根的名Meg(han)和(e)xit(退出)组成;这个词依照Brexit的构词方式而来。

这个仿照“英国脱欧(Brexit)”造出的非正式名词,由萨塞克斯公爵夫人梅根名字的头三个字母和“退出”英文的后三个字母组成,也显示出了“英国脱欧”一词在英国词汇中的地位是多么稳固!

  08    抖音红人 TikToker

自从抖音短视频开始出现后,它的魔力席卷各阶层,各年龄段。加之今年“lockdown”的推动,抖音更是席卷海外。

今天你“抖”了吗??自从抖音出现后,它的魔力可谓席卷各个年龄段,尤其是对于每天立flag要锻炼、要早睡、要学习的同学来说,可真是路遇强敌!只要一玩抖音,根本停不下来……

抖音的海外版名字叫做“TikTok”,而那些经常分享或出现在抖音视频(videos on TikTok)中的人就叫做“抖友(Tiktoker)。

a person who regularly shares or appears in videos on TikTok.

经常在TikTok上分享视频或出现在视频里的人。

  09    吃播Mukbung

今年,吃播一词格外火,前有各种up主、博主因其火爆。

a video or webcast in which the host eats a large quantity of food for the entertainment of viewers. From meogneun (eating) and bangsong (broadcast).

这是一个韩语词,指的是视频或直播,其中主播以吃大量的食物来娱乐观众。来自韩语的meogneun(吃)和bangsong(广播)。

  10    黑人的命也是命 BLM

BLM是Black Lives Matter(黑人的命也是命)的缩写。

Defined by Collins as "a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression", BLM registered a 581% increase in usage.

《柯林斯词典》将BLM定义为“反对种族暴力和压迫的运动”,数据显示,该词的使用量增加了581%。

5月,美国非裔男子弗洛伊的死亡在美国多地引发抗议活动。据CNN报道,今年6月,华盛顿特区市长穆里尔?鲍泽下令将白宫外16街的一个区域命名为Black Lives Matter Plaza,即“黑人的命也是命广场”。

a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression.

反对种族暴力和压迫的运动。

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